The Action Data Scaling Problem

Why VLA cannot scale as easily as LLMs

The Action Data Scaling Problem

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The Core Problem

Action data doesn’t exist on the internet, making immediate scaling impossible.


Differences from LLMs

AspectLLMVLA
Data SourceInternet (unlimited)Real robot actions (limited)
Collection CostLowHigh
LabelingAutomatic (next token)Manual or complex process

Current Data Scale


See Also